Disease-free designer babies with DNA from three parents 'could be here within three years'
By Fiona Macrae
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1024262/Disease-free-designer-babies-DNA-parents-years.html
Pioneers: Tracey Hobbs and Peter Wills with Ethan
Designer babies with three parents could be born in Britain within three years.
The controversial technique screens an embryo created by a man and a woman for incurable genetic diseases.
Any defective DNA is then replaced with that from another woman - effectively giving the baby two mothers and a father.
Scientists at Newcastle University have already created embryos using the method and are perfecting it for use in IVF clinics.
They say it could free children from diseases including some forms of diabetes, blindness and heart problems.
But critics say this could lead to genetically-modified babies being designed to order.
The law states embryos created using the technique must be destroyed, although the scientists hope this can be overturned.
The research focuses on mitochondria - 'batteries' inside cells which turn food into energy.
Each mitochondrion has its own DNA which is passed from mother to child. Defects in this DNA affect more than one in 5,000 babies and cause around 50 genetic diseases, some of which kill before adulthood.
The researchers have managed to swop the damaged DNA with healthy genetic material.
The first step is fertilisation of an egg through IVF. The resulting embryo is then screened for defects.
When it is a few hours old the nucleus - which contains the genetic information from the parents - is removed and put into another woman's healthy egg.
As mitochondria are outside the nucleus, when the baby is born it will be free of defects and look like its 'real' parents.
The law states any embryos created in this way must be destroyed by 14 days. But some argue that updated regulations currently passing through Parliament could leave the door open for the law to be revisited.
Professor Jonathan Van Blerkom, a biologist in the U.S., told the magazine New Scientist it would be 'criminal' not to allow the technique to be used.
However, there are fears that the influence of mitochondria on areas including longevity, IQ and fertility could lead to the research being used to create GM babies to order.
The breakthrough comes after a British couple, Tracey Hobbs and Peter Wills, used a different screening technique called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis to free their son Ethan from a genetic disorder.
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